{"options":{"source":"IPCC AR6 Working Group III, Summary for Policymakers, Figure SPM.7 (2022): net emission reduction potential in 2030, GtCO2-eq per year, by net lifetime cost (USD per tCO2-eq)","url":"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/figures/summary-for-policymakers/figure-spm-7/","method":"Read from the figure in the IPCC's PDF (page 42 of the SPM): bar ends measured against the axis ticks (0 at x=234.47, 6 at 469.47 points); cost bands from the legend colours; plain segments as vector rectangles, shaded segments from a 576-dpi rendering. Check: options up to 100 USD/t add up to 34.8, options up to 20 USD/t to 17.8 (51%), matching the SPM's statements (at least half of 2019 emissions; more than half of that from options up to 20 USD/t).","bands":["below0","0-20","20-50","50-100","100-200","na"],"list":[{"name":"Wind energy","total":3.85,"bands":{"below0":2.29,"na":0.07,"20-50":0.75,"0-20":0.69}},{"name":"Solar energy","total":4.49,"bands":{"below0":2.67,"na":0.05,"20-50":0.65,"0-20":0.54,"50-100":0.53}},{"name":"Bioelectricity","total":0.88,"bands":{"50-100":0.44,"100-200":0.39}},{"name":"Hydropower","total":0.33,"bands":{"0-20":0.08,"20-50":0.11,"50-100":0.09}},{"name":"Geothermal energy","total":0.75,"bands":{"0-20":0.24,"20-50":0.24,"50-100":0.22}},{"name":"Nuclear energy","total":0.89,"bands":{"below0":0.14,"20-50":0.19,"0-20":0.16,"50-100":0.17,"100-200":0.16}},{"name":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS)","total":0.56,"bands":{"50-100":0.26,"100-200":0.25}},{"name":"Bioelectricity with CCS","total":0.32,"bands":{"50-100":0.13,"100-200":0.14}},{"name":"Reduce CH4 emission from coal mining","total":0.51,"bands":{"20-50":0.04,"0-20":0.4}},{"name":"Reduce CH4 emission from oil and gas","total":1.16,"bands":{"below0":0.27,"0-20":0.61,"20-50":0.07,"50-100":0.06,"100-200":0.1}},{"name":"Carbon sequestration in agriculture","total":3.44,"bands":{"0-20":0.46,"20-50":0.73,"50-100":2.2}},{"name":"Reduce CH4 and N2O emission in agriculture","total":0.64,"bands":{"0-20":0.31,"50-100":0.28}},{"name":"Reduced conversion of forests and other ecosystems","total":4.03,"bands":{"0-20":2.23,"20-50":0.12,"50-100":1.62}},{"name":"Ecosystem restoration, afforestation, reforestation","total":2.85,"bands":{"0-20":0.11,"20-50":0.57,"50-100":1.46,"100-200":0.65}},{"name":"Improved sustainable forest management","total":1.39,"bands":{"0-20":0.34,"50-100":0.77,"100-200":0.22}},{"name":"Reduce food loss and food waste","total":0.51,"bands":{"na":0.46}},{"name":"Shift to balanced, sustainable healthy diets","total":1.71,"bands":{"na":1.66}},{"name":"Avoid demand for energy services","total":0.57,"bands":{"below0":0.52}},{"name":"Efficient lighting, appliances and equipment","total":0.73,"bands":{"below0":0.69}},{"name":"New buildings with high energy performance","total":1.19,"bands":{"0-20":0.09,"20-50":0.12,"50-100":0.18,"100-200":0.75}},{"name":"Onsite renewable production and use","total":0.48,"bands":{"0-20":0.04,"20-50":0.07,"50-100":0.08,"100-200":0.24}},{"name":"Improvement of existing building stock","total":0.28,"bands":{"0-20":0.04,"20-50":0.07,"50-100":0.06,"100-200":0.06}},{"name":"Enhanced use of wood products","total":0.4,"bands":{"na":0.35}},{"name":"Fuel-efficient light-duty vehicles","total":0.57,"bands":{"below0":0.52}},{"name":"Electric light-duty vehicles","total":0.6,"bands":{"na":0.56}},{"name":"Shift to public transportation","total":0.54,"bands":{"below0":0.49}},{"name":"Shift to bikes and e-bikes","total":0.2,"bands":{"below0":0.15}},{"name":"Fuel-efficient heavy-duty vehicles","total":0.37,"bands":{"below0":0.33}},{"name":"Electric heavy-duty vehicles, incl. buses","total":0.22,"bands":{"na":0.17}},{"name":"Shipping – efficiency and optimisation","total":0.48,"bands":{"below0":0.43}},{"name":"Aviation – energy efficiency","total":0.24,"bands":{"below0":0.19}},{"name":"Biofuels","total":0.72,"bands":{"0-20":0.22,"20-50":0.24,"50-100":0.21}},{"name":"Energy efficiency","total":1.15,"bands":{"0-20":1.1}},{"name":"Material efficiency","total":0.94,"bands":{"20-50":0.89}},{"name":"Enhanced recycling","total":0.49,"bands":{"20-50":0.44}},{"name":"Fuel switching (electr, nat. gas, bio-energy, H2)","total":2.11,"bands":{"20-50":1.24,"50-100":0.66,"100-200":0.15}},{"name":"Feedstock decarbonisation, process change","total":0.4,"bands":{"50-100":0.34}},{"name":"Carbon capture with utilisation (CCU) and CCS","total":0.17,"bands":{"100-200":0.11}},{"name":"Cementitious material substitution","total":0.29,"bands":{"20-50":0.25}},{"name":"Reduction of non-CO2 emissions","total":0.21,"bands":{"0-20":0.17}},{"name":"Reduce emission of fluorinated gas","total":1.25,"bands":{"below0":0.22,"0-20":0.68,"20-50":0.18,"50-100":0.09,"100-200":0.03}},{"name":"Reduce CH4 emissions from solid waste","total":0.64,"bands":{"below0":0.3,"0-20":0.11,"20-50":0.06,"50-100":0.04,"100-200":0.08}},{"name":"Reduce CH4 emissions from wastewater","total":0.2,"bands":{"20-50":0.05,"50-100":0.03,"100-200":0.06}}]},"emitters":{"source":"EDGAR (EU Joint Research Centre), GHG emissions of all world countries, 2026 report (September 2026): 2025, excluding land use (LULUCF)","url":"https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2026","year":2025,"list":[["China",15.981],["the United States",6.018],["India",4.508],["the EU",3.127],["Russia",2.574],["Indonesia",1.359],["Brazil",1.307],["Japan",1.063]]},"methane_fossil":{"mt":120,"gwp100":29.8,"avoidable":0.7,"source":"IEA Global Methane Tracker 2025: energy-sector methane above 120 million tonnes a year, about 70% avoidable with existing technologies; GWP100 for fossil methane 29.8 (IPCC AR6)","url":"https://www.iea.org/news/methane-data-and-transparency-continue-to-improve-but-emissions-remain-far-too-high"},"world_change":{"year":2025,"from":53769.6,"to":54149.2,"pct":0.706,"source":"EDGAR 2026 report: world total excluding land use, 2024 53,769.6 and 2025 54,149.2 Mt CO2-eq","url":"https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2026"},"partial":{"year":2026,"period":"January–June","pct":0.2,"source":"Climate TRACE, first-half 2026 emissions (published 1 September 2026): +56 Mt CO2e, +0.2% on the first half of 2025","url":"https://cyprusshippingnews.com/2026/09/01/climate-trace-data-show-marginal-increase-in-global-emissions-in-the-first-half-of-2026/"},"world_gdp":{"usd_trillion":123.6,"year":2026,"source":"IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2025), projected world GDP for 2026 in current US dollars, as reported by Visual Capitalist","url":"https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO"}}