Air temperature tracker (ERA5)

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Range of prior years (min–max)   Middle 80% of prior years

Range of prior years (min–max)   Middle 80% of prior years

Interpretation

Daily mean surface air temperature (2 m above the ground or sea) averaged over the whole globe, area-weighted; each day is the mean of all 24 hourly values (UTC). Anomaly = daily temperature minus the 1991–2020 daily mean. "Pre-industrial" (world only) uses Copernicus's offsets from 1850–1900 to 1991–2020, which differ through the year because the Northern Hemisphere winter has warmed most: 0.88 °C for 12-month averages; for single months their published table (0.80 °C in July and August to 0.96 °C in January and February); for single days their smooth curve through those monthly values, 0.88 + 0.07·cos(2πn/365) + 0.05·sin(2πn/365) for day n of the year (0.79–0.97 °C). The offsets come from three long records (Berkeley Earth, HadCRUT5, NOAAGlobalTemp), since ERA5 starts in 1940 (Copernicus method). Values to February 2024 are the series published by Copernicus; later days are computed here from ERA5 in the Copernicus Climate Data Store using the same method, and the newest days are preliminary. Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information; ERA5 (Hersbach et al.), cds.climate.copernicus.eu.